Fecal samples were processed by the modified formalin ether concentration technique, the kato katz thick smear, and the. Contains nonbinding recommendations draft guidance on mebendazole. Field evaluation of a new antibodybased diagnostic for. A stool specimen was collected from 915 individuals representing a high prevalence community 63. The katokatz technique is a simple, inexpensive and fieldapplicable tool commonly used for the diagnosis and wormburden characterization of these. Quality control in the diagnosis of trichuris trichiura. The katokatz technique is one acceptable technique that has been. Estimating sensitivity of the katokatz technique for the diagnosis of. Nevertheless, we concluded that the kato katz method, when used with the thick smear, would be table 2 results of thick smear and kato katz analysis of 258 stool samples from public school children in salinas da margarida county, bahia. Epidemiological studies parasitological, serological and molecular. Schistosomiasis remains a global public health challenge with an estimated 200 million cases reported each year. The eggs of the different species have a different microscopic morphology. The hoffman technique hh is based on spontaneous sedimentation, and it is effective because embryonated s. Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific katokatz.
It has in the past been used for other helminth eggs as well. Comparison of the thick smear and katokatz techniques for. However, detailed analyses of quality control, including falsepositive and faecal egg count fec estimates. Further, because of its poor sensitivity, the katokatz technique is considered inadequate for assessing lowintensity infections or for investigating. Traub7, peter odermatt3,4 1department of veterinary disease biology, faculty of health and medical science, university of. A comparison of katokatz technique to three other methods for diagnosis of amphimerus spp. The kato katz technique is one acceptable technique. Introduction to diagnostic medical parasitology katokatz. Fecal examination is the standard diagnostic method to diagnose most parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract, which include clonorchis sinensis infection.
Methods we searched medline, embase and lilacs to 30 th september 2014, updated to 30 th september 2015, as well as the cochrane library, reference lists and grey. However, some reports have mentioned that the recovery efficiency of this technique is not as high as had been thought. Take time the katokatz methods require between 1 to 2 hoursbefore the glycerin clears the background of the stoolsmear on the slide for accurate visualization of mosthelminth eggs the major problem of the technique isthat few hours after the preparation of the slidehookworm eggs are difficult to recognize due to overclarification by glycerin. The prevalence within grade 7 was 70% confirming the high prevalence in this area. The katokatz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys, drug efficacy studies and. We assessed the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three kato katz templates included in test kits from two different providers.
The sensitivity of the kato katz technique for different infection intensities was calculated using eq 4 and is plotted in fig 3. An accurate diagnosis of soiltransmitted helminthiasis is important for individual patient management, for drug efficacy evaluation and for monitoring control programmes. Republic of the philippines department of health central. Katokatz technique, cellophane faecal thick smear a small amount of faecal material was placed on newspaper or scrap paper and a piece of nylon screen was pressed on top so that some of the faeces sieved through the screen and accumulated on top. The kato technique also called the katokatz technique is a laboratory method for preparing human stool samples prior to searching for parasite eggs. Pdf the katokatz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in epidemiologic surveys and drug efficacy trials pertaining to. Mcintosh and fildes anaerobic jar is an instrument used in microbiology laboratory, for the generation of anaerobic condition anaerobiosis to culture obligates anaerobes such as clostridium spp.
The detection rate when two techniques were used at a time was. Pdf a comparison of katokatz technique to three other. Further, because of its poor sensitivity, the kato katz technique is considered inadequate for assessing lowintensity infections or for investigating. The katokatz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in. When we strictly apply the tpps, katokatz is the only microscopybased method that meets the minimal diagnostic criteria for application in the planning, monitoring and evaluation phase of an sth program. This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the current thinking of the food and drug. In rwanda, the prevalence of schistosomiasis was recently examined by a countrywide mapping conducted by the neglected tropical disease ntd control programme of the rwandan ministry of health in partnership with the access project.
Aug 14, 2010 the kato katz technique is widely used for the diagnosis of soiltransmitted helminthiasis in epidemiological surveys and is believed to be an inexpensive method. The kato technique also called the kato katz technique is a laboratory method for preparing human stool samples prior to searching for parasite eggs. The definitive diagnosis is by stool examination for ova and parasites. Translating preventive chemotherapy prevalence thresholds for schistosoma mansoni from the katokatz technique into the pointofcare circulating cathodic antigen diagnostic test oliver ba. This draft guidance, once finalized, will represent the food and drug administrations fdas. Jul 01, 2016 the kato katz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys, drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control interventions. The present study compared the katokatz thick smear and formol ether sedimentation techniques in the diagnosis of schistosoma mansoni infections. Parasitological techniques pdf parasitological techniques pdf parasitological techniques pdf download. Report of soiltransmitted helminthiasis diagnostics. The kato katz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in epidemiologic surveys and drug efficacy trials pertaining to intestinal schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminthiasis. The flotac technique shows a higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of lightintensity soiltransmitted helminth infections but is reported to be more complex and expensive. The kato katz technique and auramine stain did not recover any other protozoan species, which were all partly recovered by trichrome stain, direct smear and fec methods. Who has recommended kato katz technique in areas with moderate to high transmission rates of soil transmitted helminths i.
The scotch tape was removed first thing in the morning and processed for identification of the typical ova. We assessed the costs related to the collection, processing. The katokatz technique is one acceptable technique that has been widely reported in the literature. Later multiply by the appropriate number see inletinformation of the kato set to give the number of the eggs per gram faeces. However, this technique has shown a lower sensitivity in individuals with a low parasite load, in areas of low endemicity, and receiving a particular therapy 44,45, which compromises the. The katokatz technique is the diagnostic method recommended for monitoring largescale. A list of file names included in the cd or diskettes, with a simple description of the content of each file.
Now available for field use wednesday, october 12, 2016 sterlitech, an industry leader in unique micro and submicron filtration products, announced today that its katokatz technique diagnostic kit is now available for immediate use in the field. Pdf the present study compared the katokatz thick smear and formol ether sedimentation techniques in the diagnosis of schistosoma. Efficacy and safety of praziquantel in preschoolaged and. Estimating the sensitivity and specificity of katokatz. The kato katz technique for concentration of stool sample is the method of choice. Simple fecal flotation is a superior alternative to guadruple kato katz smear examination for the detection of hookworm eggs in human stool tawin inpankaew1,2. Fecal samples were processed by the modified formalin ether concentration technique, the kato katz thick smear, and the miniparasep solvent free parasite fecal concentrator. All of them were detected by katokatz followed by the fec 70% and direct smear 32. Thick smear kato katz positive negative sensitivity specificity kappa index. The kato katz technique is the most widely used method detecting soiltransmitted helminth eggs in faecal samples. Oct 04, 2017 the kato katz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in epidemiologic sur veys and drug efficacy trials pertaining to intestinal schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted hel minthiasis.
However, the sensitivity of the technique is low, particularly for the detection of lightintensity helminth infections. The sensitivity of the katokatz technique for different infection intensities was calculated using eq 4 and is plotted in fig 3. The katokatz technique for concentration of stool sample is the method of choice. The wellknown limitations of the kato katz technique have contributed to low levels of parasitologic monitoring of sth intervention programs. The katokatz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in epidemiologic sur veys and drug efficacy trials pertaining to intestinal schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted hel minthiasis. Schistosoma mansoni treatment reduces hiv entry into.
The katokatz technique is widely used for the diagnosis of soiltransmitted helminthiasis in epidemiological surveys and is believed to be an inexpensive method. The hatching test using a nylon bag, and based on about 30 g of feces and iha are conventional chinese diagnostic methods. The kato katz kk technique is most commonly used for detecting s. The wellknown limitations of the katokatz technique have contributed to low levels of parasitologic monitoring of sth intervention programs. Where the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths sth. Anaerobiosis obtained by mcintosh and fildes anaerobic jar is one of the excellent and most widely used method for anaerobiosis but it requires costly special apparatus and vacuum pump. Pdf estimating sensitivity of the katokatz technique for the. The katokatz technique is the most widely used method detecting soiltransmitted helminth eggs in faecal samples. We assessed the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three katokatz templates included in test kits from two different providers. The ideal time for observing schistosoma eggs is 24 hrs after preparation except in bright sunlight, the slide.
Katokatz is a laboratory method recommended by the brazilian ministry of. Introduction to diagnostic medical parasitology home. Point of care circulating cathodic antigen accuracy in the. The katokatz method has been well documented to be less sensitive, especially in populations with low infection intensity such as psac or in communities having received treatment. Comparison of the katokatz technique, hatching test and. Procurement of stool examination kit katokatz technique ib no. Translating preventive chemotherapy prevalence thresholds. Schistosoma mansoni treatment reduces hiv entry into cervical cd4. Comparative study of the accuracy of different techniques. Katokatz thick smears as a dna source of soiltransmitted helminths. The cellophane thick smear kato or katokatz method and formalinether concentration fe techniques are two such modalities commonly used for its diagnosis. Another limitation of our study is a high proportion of psac treated with placebo showing no eggs at the followup using the katokatz technique. Truscott je, gurarie d, alsallaq r, toor j, yoon n, farrell sh, turner hc, phillips ae, aurelio ho, ferro j, king ch and anderson rm 2017 a. Table 1 shows that the total number of helminthic infections was 40.
More detailed instructions can be found in laboratory manuals and in the who manual on preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis. Thick smear katokatz positive negative sensitivity specificity kappa index. Asymptomatic malaria and intestinal helminth co infection. However, detailed analyses of quality control, including falsepositive and faecal egg count fec. The kato technique is now most commonly used for detecting schistosome eggs. Detect of eggs by stool examination require a daily burden of 30006000 eggs. Nevertheless, we concluded that the katokatz method, when used with the thick smear, would be table 2 results of thick smear and katokatz analysis of 258 stool samples from public school children in salinas da margarida county, bahia. The katokatz technique and auramine stain did not recover any other protozoan species, which were all partly recovered by trichrome stain, direct smear and fec methods. The bench aids have been produced in a weatherproof plasticsealed format that is robust. Compared to the katokatz method, the flotac is a more complicated technique, and hence requires better equipped laboratories 1820 and more extensive training of laboratory workers.
Research article open access evaluation of realtime pcr. Intestinal schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminthiasis. Later multiply by the appropriate number see inletinformation of the katoset to give the number of the eggs per gram faeces. Abstract objective we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of poccca test for schistosome infections using katokatz technique for schistosoma mansoni and s. Kato katz technique is used for qualitative and semiquantitative diagnosis of intestinal helminthic infestations. The cellophane thick smear kato or kato katz method and formalinether concentration fe techniques are two such modalities commonly used for its diagnosis. The katokatz kk technique is most commonly used for detecting s. Abstract objective we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of poccca test for schistosome infections using kato katz technique for schistosoma mansoni and s. The katokatz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys, drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control interventions. Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific.
Recently, it has been shown that the flotac technique a noninvasive multivalent faecal eggcount technique 16 holds promise for the accurate diagnosis of hookworm infections. Quality control of the slides by katokatz method for the. A single flotac is more sensitive than triplicate kato. For hookworm the dependence on infection intensity is weak, e. Estimating sensitivity of the katokatz technique for the. Modelling insights into schistosomiasis control and. Baermanization was carried out for strongyloides stercoralis whereas enterobius vermicularis was diagnosed by use of scotch tape applied to the anus of suspected children overnight. Comparative cost assessment of the katokatz and flotac.
The katokatz technique is one acceptable technique. Diagnostic performance of a single and duplicate katokatz. Simple fecal flotation is a superior alternative to. All of them were detected by kato katz followed by the fec 70% and direct smear 32. Detection of a carcinogenic liver fluke among migrant. Katz thick smear method is the most widely used technique to detect and quantify eggs of soil. A crosssectional study was conducted among 147 migrant workers in thailand.
Compared to the kato katz method, the flotac is a more complicated technique, and hence requires better equipped laboratories 1820 and more extensive training of laboratory workers. Take time the kato katz methods require between 1 to 2 hoursbefore the glycerin clears the background of the stoolsmear on the slide for accurate visualization of mosthelminth eggs the major problem of the technique isthat few hours after the preparation of the slidehookworm eggs are difficult to recognize due to overclarification by glycerin. Pdf estimating sensitivity of the katokatz technique. A recent update of schistomiasis mansoni endemicity around.
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